This Lancet Haematology Commission evaluated mortality, clinical outcomes, and health equity gaps for women with classical haematological diseases, examining how sex and gender affect diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis across haematological conditions.
The Commission identified persistent disparities in mortality and outcomes for women with classical haematological diseases, attributing these to underrepresentation in clinical trials, sex-specific disease manifestations being overlooked, and systemic inequities in care delivery.
As a Commission report rather than a primary study, findings synthesize existing evidence and may reflect the limitations of the underlying literature, including historical underrepresentation of women in haematology trials and heterogeneity across conditions covered.
Clinicians should actively account for sex-specific disease presentations and treatment responses in haematological conditions, and advocate for equitable inclusion of women in clinical trials. Institutional review of care pathways for sex-based outcome gaps is warranted.
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