This qualitative study explored how Muslim adults experience mainstream Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBSR/MBCT). Eleven Muslim graduates and nine mindfulness teachers serving Muslim populations were interviewed using semi-structured online interviews; data were analyzed with Reflexive Thematic Analysis.
Four themes emerged: (1) tensions about conflict between Islam and secular mindfulness; (2) uncertainty about what is 'secular' vs. 'Islamic'; (3) building trust in teachers and the process; and (4) discovering shared humanity and deepened spirituality. Many participants were surprised to find mindfulness enhanced rather than undermined their spirituality.
Small, non-random sample (n=20 total) limits generalizability. The study was not preregistered. No demographic breakdown of participants is reported in the abstract, limiting assessment of diversity within the Muslim sample.
Clinicians offering MBIs to Muslim clients should anticipate initial concerns about religious compatibility and proactively address them — many Muslims ultimately find mindfulness deepens their spirituality rather than conflicting with it. Evidence-based cultural guidance for adapting MBIs for Muslim populations is still lacking and needed.
